Do I have Erosion or Acid wear on my teeth?

When we think about tooth damage, cavities caused by bacteria often come to mind first. But there’s another common culprit that doesn’t rely on bacteria at all - erosion. Also known as acid wear. This type of tooth surface loss is becoming increasingly common and can have long-term effects on both the health and appearance of your smile.

Erosion is the chemical loss of tooth structure caused by acids that come into direct contact with the enamel and dentine. Unlike decay, which involves bacterial activity, erosion is a purely chemical process.

Enamel, the hard outer layer of the tooth, is designed to be strong and protective, but it’s not invincible. Acid can soften and dissolve enamel minerals, leading to thinning and surface loss over time. Once enamel is gone, it cannot regenerate.

Acid exposure can come from a variety of sources:

1. Dietary acids
   Soft drinks, energy drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, and vinegar-based foods can erode enamel if consumed frequently.
2. Medical conditions
   Acid reflux (GERD), frequent vomiting (as seen in conditions like bulimia), and certain gastrointestinal disorders expose the teeth to stomach acids.This includes vomiting, hormonal changes, pregnancy or some disorders where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, could cause acid wear on your enamel. 
3. Lifestyle habits
   Frequent snacking on acidic foods, sipping on soda throughout the day, or holding drinks in the mouth for too long all increase erosion risk.
4. Structural Damage
   Structural damage from grinding/bruxism can lead to acid wear 

Erosion is something that often develops gradually, so early signs can be subtle. Some key indicators to look out for include:

• Increased tooth sensitivity (especially to cold or sweet foods)
• Rounded or smooth edges on teeth, giving them a worn look
• Thinning or translucency of the front teeth
• Yellowing (as the underlying dentine becomes exposed)
• Cupped-out areas or small depressions on the biting surfaces

If not addressed, acid wear can cause long term issues such as compromised tooth integrity, aesthetic concerns such as broken, shorter and stained teeth and increased sensitivity and discomfort. Acid wear can make your teeth more vulnerable to wear and fracture. 

Unlike cavities, which can be repaired, erosion is irreversible—management focuses on prevention and protecting what remains.

The good news is that erosion can be managed and its progression slowed with the right approach:

1. Dietary modifications
2. Reduce the frequency of acidic drinks and foods.
3. Use a straw when drinking acidic beverages to minimise contact with teeth.
4. Rinse with water after acidic meals to help neutralise acids.
5. Oral hygiene tips
6. Avoid brushing immediately after acid exposure. Enamel is softened and more vulnerable at that time.
7. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and low-abrasive toothpaste.
8. Consider a fluoride toothpaste or prescription-strength fluoride products for extra protection.
9. Professional care
10. Regular dental check-ups help track erosion and address early signs.
11. In more advanced cases, restorations such as composite bonding or veneers may be recommended to rebuild and protect tooth surfaces.

Erosion and acid wear are silent but serious threats to dental health. Unlike decay, which can be treated by removing and filling cavities, acid erosion permanently thins and weakens enamel. The best defence is early prevention, dietary awareness, and regular dental care.

If you’ve noticed sensitivity, thinning, or changes in the appearance of your teeth, speak with your dentist about strategies to protect your smile for the long term.

Written By

Intan Nobury

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An appreciator of art, novels and high intensity sports. With a passion for work and a dangerous addiction to tea.